Genistein
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Basic information
Product Name: Genistein
IUPAC Name: 4',5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone
CAS No.: 446-72-0
Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₁₀O₅
Physicochemical Properties:
Parameter |
Value/Description |
Appearance |
White crystalline powder |
Melting Point |
297-300°C (decomposition) |
Solubility |
Very low in water (<0.01 mg/mL), soluble in DMSO/ethanol |
logP |
2.1 (moderate lipophilicity) |
pKa |
7.2 (7-OH), 9.6 (4'-OH) |
Quality Standard: CP2020,JP,Customer Made
Specification
Test Items |
Standard |
Genistein (CAS：446-72-0) |
98% by HPLC |
Loss on drying |
≤1.0% |
Residue on ignition |
≤1.0% |
Natural Sources
Dual Activity
High Safety
1.Molecular Target Network
2.Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Low oral bioavailability (<10%), metabolized by gut microbiota.
Distribution
High in liver/lungs/breast; poor BBB penetration (<1%).
Metabolism
Hepatic glucuronidation (UGT1A1/1A9), hydroxylation (CYP1A2).
Excretion
Primarily biliary (80%), urinary excretion <5%
Clinical Applications
Indication |
Mechanism |
Stage |
Breast Cancer Adjuvant |
ERβ agonism + anti-angiogenesis |
Phase II |
Menopausal Symptoms |
Phytoestrogenic effects |
Marketed (supplement) |
Osteoporosis |
Osteoblast differentiation |
Phase I |
Anticancer
Menopause
Dietary Supplement
Safety Evaluation
Adverse Reactions
System |
Incidence |
Manifestations |
Gastrointestinal |
5% |
Mild nausea |
Endocrine |
<1% |
Estrogenic effects |
Hypersensitivity |
Rare |
Rash |
Drug Interactions
CYP1A2 Substrates (e.g., caffeine): Metabolism slowed (AUC↑30%).
Tamoxifen: Potential antagonism of anti-estrogen effects.
Research Progress Green max
Novel Formulations
Nanoemulsions: Bioavailability increased to 35%.
Transdermal Patches: For localized estrogen therapy.
New Indications
Alzheimer’s Disease: Reduces Aβ deposition (animal models).
Diabetic Nephropathy: Inhibits TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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