Cholesterol
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Basic information
Product Name: Cholesterol
CAS No.: 57-88-5
Molecular Formula: C₂₇H₄₆O
IUPAC Name: (3β)-3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-17-one
Appearance: White flaky crystals
Solubility: Soluble in chloroform, soluble in ether, slightly soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water
Quality Standard: CP2020,JP,Customer Made
Specification
Test Items |
Standard |
Cholesterol(CAS: 57-88-5) |
95% by HPLC |
Loss on drying |
≤0.3% |
Residue on ignition |
≤0.1% |
Physiological Functions
Cell Membrane Structure
Modulates membrane fluidity (↓10°C phase transition temperature)
Forms lipid rafts (platforms for signal molecule clustering)
Precursor Role
Vitamin D synthesis (via 7-dehydrocholesterol conversion)
Steroid hormone production (e.g., cortisol, testosterone)
Bile Acid Synthesis
Industrial Uses
Field |
Application |
Product Examples |
Pharmaceuticals |
Raw material for hormone drugs |
Hydrocortisone, contraceptives |
Cosmetics |
Emulsifier/moisturizer |
Premium creams, serums |
Food Additives |
Emulsifier (requires esterification) |
Mayonnaise, chocolate |
1.Molecular Pathway Regulation
2.Concentration-Dependent Effects
Concentration (mmol/L) |
Biological Impact |
<3.6 |
Membrane defects (↑erythrocyte fragility) |
3.6-7.8 |
Normal physiological range |
>7.8 |
Significant atherosclerosis risk |
Clinical Applications
Diagnostic Indicators
Test |
Clinical Significance |
Reference Range |
Total Cholesterol (TC) |
Cardiovascular risk assessment |
<5.2 mmol/L |
LDL-C |
Atherosclerosis prediction |
<3.4 mmol/L |
HDL-C |
Anti-atherogenic capacity |
>1.0 mmol/L (male) |
Therapeutic Protocols
Condition |
Treatment |
Mechanism |
Hypercholesterolemia |
Statins (atorvastatin 10-80mg/d) |
HMG-CoA reductase inhibition |
Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab) |
↑LDL receptor recycling |
Cholestasis |
Cholestyramine (4-16g/d) |
Blocks enterohepatic circulation |
Dosage & Administration
Drug Formulations
Form |
Specification |
Features |
Oral Tablets |
10-80mg/tablet |
Enteric-coated statins |
Injection |
140mg/vial |
PCSK9 inhibitors (subcutaneous) |
Powder |
4g/sachet |
Bile acid sequestrants |
Administration Protocols
Drug Class |
Dosage |
Treatment Duration |
Statins |
Once daily at bedtime |
Long-term |
PCSK9 Inhibitors |
Every 2 weeks (SC) |
≥3 months |
Bile Acid Sequestrants |
4-16g/day (before meals) |
Adjust per lipid levels |
Safety and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Class |
Common Side Effects (Incidence) |
Management |
Statins |
Myalgia (5-10%), elevated liver enzymes (1-3%) |
Dose reduction or switch |
PCSK9 Inhibitors |
Injection site reactions (3-5%) |
Local cold compress |
Bile Acid Sequestrants |
Constipation (15-20%), bloating (10%) |
Increase dietary fiber |
Contraindications
Absolute:
Active liver disease (statins)
Monoclonal antibody hypersensitivity (PCSK9 inhibitors)
Relative:Pregnancy (bile acid sequestrants impair fat-soluble vitamin absorption)
Research Progress Green max
1.Novel Lipid-Lowering Strategies
● RNA Interference Therapy:
Inclisiran (targets PCSK9 mRNA, biannual injections)
Phase III trials show 52% LDL-C reduction
● Gut Microbiome Modulation:
Specific probiotics (e.g., L. reuteri) reduce cholesterol absorption
2. Cutting-Edge Detection Technologies
● Nanosensors:
Graphene-based wearables (real-time skin cholesterol monitoring)
LOD=0.1 mmol/L (r=0.96 vs serum levels)
● Imaging Breakthroughs:
¹⁹F-MRI cholesterol probes (visualize arterial plaque deposits)
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